Yi guan qin shou.1948 Ba mai Zhongguo : dui Xi Jinping de di yi shou guan cha / Lin Guangyao zhu.-- Bao dao hui xiang qu . Get this from a library! Qin ding Zhou guan yi shu : . Note: Citations are based on reference standards. However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study.Guan Yu - Wikipedia. Guan Yu. General of Liu Bei. Born(Unknown)Died. He played a significant role in the civil war that led to the collapse of the dynasty and the establishment of the state of Shu Han . After Liu Bei gained control of Yi Province in 2. CE, Guan Yu remained in Jing Province to govern and defend the area for about seven years. In 2. 19 CE, while he was away fighting Cao Cao's forces at the Battle of Fancheng, Liu Bei's ally Sun Quan broke the Sun. By the time Guan Yu found out about the loss of Jing Province after his defeat at Fancheng, it was too late. He was subsequently captured in an ambush by Sun Quan's forces and executed. Guan is respected as an epitome of loyalty and righteousness. Guan Yu was deified as early as the Sui dynasty and is still worshipped by many Chinese people today in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and among many overseas Chinese communities. In religious devotion he is reverentially called the . He is a deity worshipped in Chinese folk religion, popular Confucianism, Taoism, and Chinese Buddhism, and small shrines to Guan are almost ubiquitous in traditional Chinese shops and restaurants. His hometown Yuncheng has also named its airport after him. Historical sources. Get this from a library! Note: Citations are based on reference standards. However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications. The Faults of the Qin Dynasty I Yi Jia 1 (200 B.C.-168 B.C.) King Xiao of the State of Qin occupied the stronghold of Han-gu Gate and the lands of the State of Yong. He defended his territory tenaciously with his generals as he waited for the opportunity to. ERB FORMULAS YI GUAN JIAN - ZHONG GUO GUO JIA BO WU GUAN GUAN CANG ZHEN PIN? Used paperback Quantity Available: 1 From: liu xing (JiangSu, JS, China) Bookseller Rating: Price: US$ 39.58 Convert Currency. During the fifth century, Pei Songzhiannotated the Sanguozhi by incorporating information from other sources to Chen Shou's original work and adding his personal commentary. Some alternative texts used in the annotations to Guan Yu's biography include: Shu Ji (Records of Shu), by Wang Yin; Wei Shu (Book of Wei), by Wang Shen, Xun Yi and Ruan Ji; Jiang Biao Zhuan, by Yu Pu; Fu Zi, by Fu Xuan; Dianlue, by Yu Huan; Wu Li (History of Wu), by Hu Chong; Chronicles of Huayang, by Chang Qu. Physical appearance. Traditionally, he is portrayed as a red- faced warrior with a long lush beard. The idea of his red face may have derived from a description of him in the first chapter of the Ming dynasty historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, where the following passage appears: Xuande took a glance at the man, who stood at a height of nine chi. A wooden replica can be found today in the Emperor Guan Temple in Xiezhou County, Shanxi. Early life and career. His original courtesy name was . When the Yellow Turban Rebellion broke out in the 1. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei joined a volunteer militia formed by Liu Bei, and they assisted a Colonel (. The three of them shared a brotherly- like relationship, to the point of sharing the same room. Zhang Fei and Guan Yu also stood guard beside Liu Bei when he sat down at meetings. They followed him on his exploits and protected him from danger. About a year later, in 1. Liu Bei and his followers escaped from Xu on the pretext of helping Cao Cao lead an army to attack Yuan Shu. Liu Bei went to Xu Province, killed its Inspector (. He moved to Xiaopei (. Liu Bei fled to northern China and found refuge under Cao Cao's rival Yuan Shao. Guan Yu was captured by Cao Cao's forces and brought back to Xu. Cao Cao treated Guan Yu respectfully and asked Emperor Xian to appoint Guan as a Lieutenant- General (. Cao Cao sent Zhang Liao and Guan Yu to lead a vanguard force to resist the enemy. In the midst of battle, Guan Yu recognised Yan Liang's parasol so he charged towards the latter, decapitated him and returned with Yan's head. Yuan Shao's men were unable to stop him. The siege on Boma was lifted. On Cao Cao's recommendation, Emperor Xian conferred the title of . However, I've also received much favours from General Liu and I've sworn to follow him until I die. I cannot break my oath. I'll leave eventually, so you should help me convey my message to Lord Cao. It stated that Zhang Liao had a dilemma on whether to convey Guan Yu's message to Cao Cao or not: if he did, Cao Cao might execute Guan Yu; if he did not, he would be failing in his service to Cao Cao. When do you think he will leave? He'll most probably leave after he has repaid your kindness. Guan Yu sealed up all the gifts he received from Cao Cao, wrote a farewell letter to the latter, and headed towards Yuan Shao's territory to reunite with Liu Bei. Cao Cao's subordinates wanted to pursue Guan Yu, but Cao stopped them and said, . There's no need to pursue him. He did not send his men to pursue Guan Yu when the latter left, so as to allow Guan to fulfil his loyalty. If he did not possess the magnanimity of an overlord, how would he have allowed this to happen? This was a showcase of Cao Cao's goodness. Guan Yu reunited with Liu Bei around this time. Liu Bei and Liu Pi were defeated by Cao Cao's general Cao Ren, after which Liu Bei returned to Yuan Shao. Liu Bei secretly planned to leave Yuan Shao, so he pretended to persuade Yuan to ally with Liu Biao, the Governor (. Yuan Shao sent Liu Bei to contact another rebel leader, Gong Du, in Runan, where they gathered a few thousand soldiers. Cao Cao turned back and attacked Runan after scoring a decisive victory over Yuan Shao at Guandu, and he defeated Liu Bei in Runan. Liu Bei fled south and found shelter under Liu Biao, who put him in charge of Xinye (. Guan Yu followed Liu Bei to Xinye. Liu Bei evacuated Xinye together with his followers and they headed towards Xiakou (. Along the journey, Liu Bei divided his party into two groups . Cao Cao sent 5,0. Liu Bei and they caught up with him at Changban (. Liu Bei managed to escape from the pursuers and reach Han Ford (. Cao Cao retreated north after his defeat and left Cao Ren behind to defend Jing Province. In the Battle of Jiangling (a follow- up to Red Cliffs), Guan Yu was sent to block Cao Ren's supply lines via infiltration, so he led a special force to attack Xiangyang, which was guarded by Cao Cao's general Yue Jin. Yue Jin defeated Guan Yu and Su Fei (. Wen Ping attacked Guan Yu's equipage and supplies at Han Ford (. Most of Liu Bei's subordinates participated in the campaign, while Guan Yu was ordered to remain behind to guard Liu's territories in Jing Province and oversee its affairs. After Liu Bei had taken over Yi Province, Sun Quan asked him for three commanderies in southern Jing Province but Liu refused. Sun Quan then sent his general L. In response, Liu Bei ordered Guan Yu to lead troops to stop L. The shallows were thus named 'Guan Yu's Shallows' (. Around the same time, Cao Cao had seized control of Hanzhong Commandery and posed a strategic threat to Liu Bei's position in Yi Province. Liu Bei eventually agreed to divide Jing Province between his and Sun Quan's domains along the Xiang River. Both sides then withdrew their forces. He appointed Guan Yu as . In the same year, Guan Yu led his forces to attack Cao Ren at Fan (. Cao Cao sent Yu Jin to lead reinforcements to help Cao Ren. It was in autumn and there were heavy showers, so the Han River overflowed. Yu Jin's seven armies were destroyed in the flood. Yu Jin surrendered to Guan Yu while his subordinate Pang De refused and was executed by Guan. The bandits led by Liang Jia (. Guan Yu's fame spread throughout China. He told his son Guan Ping, . I may not be able to return. They suggested to Cao Cao to ally with Sun Quan and enlist his help in hindering Guan Yu's advances, and in return, Cao Cao would recognise the legitimacy of Sun Quan's claim over the territories in Jiangdong. In this way, the siege on Fancheng would automatically be lifted. Cao Cao heeded their suggestion. Previously, Sun Quan had sent a messenger to meet Guan Yu and propose a marriage between his son and Guan's daughter. However, Guan Yu not only rejected the proposal, but also scolded and humiliated the messenger. Sun Quan was enraged. Xu Huang broke Guan Yu's encirclement and routed Guan's forces on the battlefield, thus lifting the siege on Fancheng. Xu Huang had a close friendship with Guan Yu. They often chatted about other things apart from military affairs. When they met again at Fancheng, Xu Huang gave an order to his men, . By then, Sun Quan had secretly agreed to the alliance with Cao Cao, and had sent his general L. Guan Yu had all along viewed them with contempt. During the campaign, Mi Fang and Shi Ren sent insufficient supplies to Guan Yu's army at the frontline, and Guan remarked, . When Sun Quan invaded Jing Province, L. Liu Bei's territories in Jing Province fell under Sun Quan's control after the surrenders of Mi Fang and Shi Ren. He then sent a registrar (. Guan Yu was unhappy that Sun Quan's offer came late because he had already captured Yu Jin by then. He scolded the messenger, ! If I can conquer Fancheng, what makes you think I can't destroy you? When Sun Quan later attacked Guan Yu, he despatched his forces secretly, as mentioned in L. If they genuinely wished to help each other, why would they conceal their movements from each other? Guan Yu knew that he had been isolated so he withdrew to Maicheng (. Sun Quan sent Zhu Ran and Pan Zhang to block Guan Yu's retreat route. Guan Yu, along with his son Guan Ping and subordinate Zhao Lei, were captured alive by Pan Zhang's deputy Ma Zhong in an ambush. Guan Yu and Guan Ping were later executed by Sun Quan's forces in Linju (. However, his followers advised him against doing so, saying, . Cao Cao made a mistake when he refused to kill Guan Yu and landed himself in deep trouble, to the point of considering relocating the capital to another place. How can Guan Yu be allowed to live? Linju was about 2. Jiangling, so how was it possible that Guan Yu was kept alive while Sun Quan and his subjects discussed whether to kill him or not? The claim that 'Sun Quan wanted to keep Guan Yu alive for the purpose of using him to counter Liu Bei and Cao Cao' does not make sense. It was probably used to silence wise persons. Cao Cao agreed, and Guan Yu repeatedly reminded Cao Cao about his promise before the battle was won. Cao Cao broke his promise to Guan Yu, as he took Lady Du as his concubine and adopted her son Qin Lang (whom she had with Qin Yilu). Later, when Liu Bei reached Xiakou (after his defeat at the Battle of Changban), Guan Yu angrily said, .
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